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The Fog (also known as John Carpenter's The Fog) is a 1980 American horror film directed by John Carpenter, who also co-wrote the screenplay and created the music for. Plot summary, trailer, cast and crew information, user reviews, and message board.

The Fog of War - Wikipedia. This article is about the documentary film. For the military phrase, see Fog of war. The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S.

Mc. Namara is a 2. American documentary film about the life and times of former U. S. Secretary of Defense. Robert S. Mc. Namara illustrating his observations of the nature of modern warfare.

The film was directed by Errol Morris and features an original score by Philip Glass. The title derives from the military concept of the "fog of war" depicting the difficulty of making decisions in the midst of conflict. The film won the 2.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature.[2] It was non- competitively screened at the Cannes Film Festival.[3]Concept[edit]Using archival footage, United States Cabinet conversation recordings, and an interview of the then eighty- five- year- old Robert Mc. Namara, The Fog of War depicts his life, from his birth during the First World War remembering the time American troops returned from Europe, to working as a World War II Whiz Kid military officer, to being the Ford Motor Company's president, to serving as Secretary of Defense for presidents Kennedy and Johnson (including his involvement in the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War). In a 2. 00. 4 appearance at U.

C. Berkeley, Errol Morris said his inspiration for the documentary derived from Mc. Namara's book (with James G. Blight), Wilson's Ghost: Reducing the Risk of Conflict, Killing, and Catastrophe in the 2.

Century (2. 00. 1).[4] Morris originally approached Mc. Namara for an interview for an hour- long television special. That was extended multiple times and Morris decided to make a feature film.[5] Morris interviewed Mc.

Namara for some twenty hours; the two- hour documentary comprises eleven lessons from In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (1. He posits, discourses upon, and propounds the lessons in the interview that is The Fog of War. Moreover, at the U.

C. Berkeley event, Mc. Namara disagreed with Morris's interpretations in The Fog of War, yet, on completion, Mc. Namara supplemented the original eleven lessons with an additional ten lessons; they are in The Fog of War DVD. When asked to apply the eleven lessons from In Retrospect to the U. S. invasion of Iraq, Mc.

Namara refused, arguing that ex- secretaries of defense must not comment upon the incumbent defense secretary's policies. He suggested other people could apply the eleven lessons to the war in Iraq, but that he would not, noting that the lessons are about war in general, not a specific war. The film focuses primarily on the interviews of former Secretary of defense, Robert Mc. Namara, who was interviewed for about 2. Errol Morris, through a special device called the "Interrotron" which projects images of interviewer and interviewee on two- way mirrors in front of their respective cameras so each appears to be talking directly to the other. Use of this device is intended to convey actual interaction with each other and direct eye contact with the viewer. In the interviews, Mc.

Namara talks about aspects of international security and how and by what means it can be influenced by circumstances. The documentary explores recent events in American history and also focuses on Mc. Namara's life and how he rose from a humble American family to be a politician who achieved enormous power and influence. Mc. Namara worked with presidents John F.

Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson and with general Curtis Le. May, and had direct access to many governmental documents. His opinions, personal experiences and lessons learned while serving as a Secretary of Defense can provide the audience with an enlightening philosophy and outlook on American politics. The documentary covers important events such as World War II, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and many others that Mc. Namara himself witnessed. Mc. Namara is regarded as the "architect" of the Vietnam war; a war that cost an enormous number of lives against a foe whose resolve he seriously underestimated.

Mc. Namara's interview, along with archival footage, offers a close look at international security and the international relations of the US, and an insight into why certain conflicts occur and the lessons that can be learned from these conflicts.[citation needed]Reception[edit]Reviews for the film were very positive. The film received an overall score of 9. Rotten Tomatoes,[6] thus obtaining a "Certified Fresh" rating. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun- Times wrote, "Although Mc. Tmnt Season 4 Episode 6. Namara is photographed through the Interrotron, the movie is far from offering only a talking head. Morris is uncanny in his ability to bring life to the abstract, and here he uses graphics, charts, moving titles and visual effects in counterpoint to what Mc. Namara is saying."[7]The Fog of War[edit]These lessons were chosen by Morris, not Robert Mc.

Namara himself [8]Lesson #1: Empathize with your enemy. Mc. Namara states "Empathize with your enemy" several times throughout the documentary. Mc. Namara relates this lesson to the Cuban Missile Crisis when he and Kennedy were trying to keep the United States out of war but General Curtis Le. May wanted to invade Cuba. Kennedy discovered Le. May's obsession with nuclear weapons when focusing on the Laotian problem in 1.

Kennedy received two messages from Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban missile crisis. Mc. Namara refers to them as the “hard message” and the “soft message”. Mc. Namara differentiated the two messages because the first message was informal, whereas the second message was formal and was broadcast around the world. Mc. Namara stated the first message sounded like it came from "A drunk man or one under a lot of stress." The first message, “soft message”, stated if the United States guaranteed to not invade Cuba then Cuba would take the missiles out. The “hard message” stated “if you [United States] attack we're [Cuba] prepared to confront you with masses of military power." [1. Llewellyn Thompson, former US ambassador to Moscow, urged Kennedy to respond to the soft message. Knowing Khrushchev personally, Thompson believed that Khrushchev just wanted to be able to tell Cuba he stopped an invasion from the U.

S. Although Kennedy did not agree with Thompson at first, he later did. Lesson #2: Rationality alone will not save us. In the documentary, Mc. Namara emphasized it was luck that prevented nuclear war. Watch Being Michael Madsen Putlocker. Rational individuals such as: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro, came close to creating national destruction. Mc. Namara states that the possibility of nuclear destruction still exists today.

Lesson #3: There’s something beyond one’s self. This lesson was used to describe Mc. Namara’s private life. Mc. Namara states “there’s something beyond one’s self and a responsibility to society.” During this time in the documentary Mc. Namara discussed when he started to court his wife, Margaret Craig, and had a child.

Then the war came. Mc. Namara was then promoted to the youngest assistant professor at Harvard. Lesson #4: Maximize efficiency. In this example, Mc.

Namara was brought back from the 8th air force and assigned to the first B- 2. Bomb Wing flying planes. It was thought the B- 2. Mc. Namara was in charge of analyzing bombing operations, and how to make them more efficient.

Lesson #5: Proportionality should be a guideline in war. Watch One Night Online. In this example, Mc. Namara talks about the proportions of cities destroyed in Japan by the U.

S. Mc. Namara compares destroyed cities of Japan to cities in the United States before the dropping of the nuclear bomb. Tokyo, roughly the size of New York, 5. Toyama, the size of Chattanooga, 9. Nagoya, the size of Los Angeles, 4. Osaka, the size of Chicago, 3. Mc. Namara compares the proportionality of the war on Japan to being immoral. Lesson #6: Get the data.

Mc. Namara worked at Ford in an executive position where he conducted studies on buyer demographics to accident reports to make cars safer.